ʻO ka ʻokoʻa ma waena o ke kila a me ka alumini
ʻIke paha ʻoe i ka alumini? ʻO ka alumini ka mea metala i nui ke ʻano. He metala māmā keʻokeʻo keʻokeʻo me ka ductility maikaʻi, pale ʻino, a me ka mama. Hiki ke hana ʻia ka metala alumini i mau koʻokoʻo (koʻokoʻo aluminika), pepa (nā papa alumini), nā kīʻaha (alumini pepa), nā ʻōwili (nā ʻōwili alumini), nā kāʻei (nā ʻāpana alumini), a me na uwea.
Hiki i ka metala alumini ke hana i kahi kiʻiʻoniʻoni oxide i loko o ka ea haʻahaʻa e pale ai i ka pala, e kōkua i ka pale ʻana i ka alumini mai ka hoʻoneʻe hou ʻana. ʻO ka ʻike o ka aluminika i loko o ka ʻōpala o ka honua ka lua wale nō i ka oxygen a me ke silika, a ʻo ia kekahi o nā mea metala nui loa i loko o ka ʻōpala o ka honua. Ma muli o kona mau waiwai kino a me kemika, Hoʻohana nui ʻia ka aluminika a me kāna mau ʻāpana i nā ʻoihana koʻikoʻi e like me ka mokulele, kūkulu hale, a me nā kaʻa.
ʻO ke kila he mea hao i haku ʻia me ka hao a me ke kalapona a me nā mea liʻiliʻi ʻē aʻe. He hua'ōlelo maʻamau ia no nā huila hao-kāpona me ka maʻiʻo kalapona ma waena 0.02% a 2.11% ma ka lehulehu.
Hiki ke ʻokoʻa ke ʻano kemika o ke kila. He kila liʻiliʻi ka manganese, phosphorus, silika, sulfur a me nā mea ʻē aʻe a me kahi maʻi kalapona ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi 1.7% kapa ʻia ke kila kalapona. ʻO ke kila kekahi o nā mea metala i hoʻohana nui ʻia ma ka honua a hoʻohana nui ʻia i nā ʻano hana like ʻole e like me ke kūkulu ʻana, nā kaʻa kaʻa, aerospace, a me ka hana ʻana i nā mīkini.
ʻO ke kila a me ka alumini nā mea metala maʻamau me nā ʻokoʻa nui ma nā ʻano he nui.
Loaʻa nā ʻano kila like ʻole e like me ke kalapona, a he okoa no hoi ka paakiki. Hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ka metala alumini i 1000-8000 moʻo alumini alumini e like me nā mea like ʻole i loko, a me nā moʻo like ʻole kekahi mau ʻokoʻa i ka paʻakikī.
Ke kila vs alumini Mai ka ʻikepili ikaika, ʻoi aku ka kiʻekiʻe o ka paʻakikī o ke kila ma mua o ka alumini.
ʻO ka Density kahi waiwai paʻa o ka mea. ʻOi aku ka ʻoi aku o ka metala, ʻoi aku ka māmā o ke kaumaha.
Ua wehewehe ʻia ka ʻano nui e like me ka nuipaʻa o kēlā me kēia leo, hōʻike maʻamau i nā grams no ke kenimika cubic (g/cm³) a i ʻole kilokani no ka mika cubic (kg/m³).
ʻO ka mānoanoa o ke kila
ʻO ke kila he mea hao i haku mua ʻia me ka hao a me ke kalapona, me nā mea ʻē aʻe e like me ka chromium, nikela, manganese, a i ʻole molybdenum, ma muli o ke ʻano a me ka pae o ke kila. ʻOkoʻa iki ka mānoanoa o ke kila ma muli o ka haku mele ʻana a me ke ʻano o ka hana ʻana.
Palena Paa kila: **~7.75 – 8.05 g/cm³ (7,750 – 8,050 kg/m³)
Pili ke kila 2.9 ʻoi aku ka paʻa o ka alumini. Ma muli o kona kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe a me ka ikaika, kūpono ke kila no nā noi e pono ai ka lōʻihi, ʻoʻoleʻa, a me ka haawe nui, e like me ke kukulu ana, mīkini kaumaha, a me na mea paahana.
ʻO ka nui o ka alumini
ʻO ka alumini he metala māmā i ʻike ʻia no kona kūpaʻa ʻana i ka corrosion, maikaʻi uila conductivity, a me ka lakio ikaika-a-kaumaha. He haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa loa ka alumini ma mua o ke kila, hana ia i mea kūpono no nā noi i mea koʻikoʻi ka hoʻēmi kaumaha.
ʻO ka nui o ka alumini ma kahi o ka hapakolu o ke kila, ʻoi aku ka māmā. ʻOkoʻa iki ka mānoanoa o nā alumini alumini ma muli o nā mea hoʻohui like ʻole e like me ka magnesium, keleawe, silika, a me ka zinc, akā, liʻiliʻi nā ʻokoʻa (i loko 5%). ʻO ka haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa o ka alumini ka mea kūpono no nā noi e koi ana i nā mea māmā, e like me ka aerospace, kaʻa kaʻa, a me nā ʻoihana halihali.
ʻO ke kila a me ka alumini nā metala maikaʻi loa. Hoʻohana nui ʻia ke kila a me ka alumini i ke kūkulu ʻana, hana a me ka ʻenekinia, akā, ʻokoʻa loa kā lākou mau noi kikoʻī ma muli o nā waiwai like ʻole e like me ka density, ikaika, pale ʻana i ka corrosion a me ke kumukūʻai.
Hoʻohālikelike o nā mea kila a me nā alumini
ʻO ke kila he mea hao-carbon i loaʻa i nā mea hoʻohui ʻē aʻe (e like me ka manganese, chromium, a me ka nikela) e kokua ana i kona ikaika, ka lōʻihi, a me ka versatility. Ke kila ma muli o ke ʻano a me ka papa, hiki i ke kila ke hōʻike i nā waiwai like ʻole e kūpono ai i nā ʻano hana like ʻole.
Ke kila i hoʻohana ʻia i nā ʻāpana hana: Hoʻohana nui ʻia ke kila i ke kūkulu hale, kaola, kolamu, kaei, a me ka hooikaika ana i na kaola (rebars) ma muli o kona ikaika tensile kiʻekiʻe a me ka lōʻihi.
Alahaka: ʻO ke kila ka mea koho no ke kūkulu ʻana i nā alahaka (ʻoi aku ka nui o nā pahu a me nā kaula) ma muli o kona ikaika kiʻekiʻe a me ke kūpaʻa luhi.
Kaʻaahi: Hoʻohana ʻia ke kila i nā ala hao, alahao alahao, a me nā alahaka ma muli o kona pale ʻana a me ka hiki ke kū i nā ukana kiʻekiʻe.
Kino Kaʻa a me Chassis: Nui nā kaʻa e hoʻohana i ke kila ikaika kiʻekiʻe ma ke ʻano he kumu hoʻolālā koʻikoʻi ma muli o kona kūpaʻa hopena a me ka uku-pono..
Na Kaa Kaumaha: Nā kaʻa kaʻa, nā kaʻa kaʻa, a hoʻohana pinepine nā kaʻaahi i ke kila ma ke ʻano he mea hoʻolālā ma muli o kona hiki ke kū i nā ukana kaumaha.
Mea Paahana a Make: Hoʻohana ʻia ke kila kila i ka hana ʻana i nā mea hana, make, nā poni, a me ka ʻoki ʻana i nā mea hana ma muli o kona paʻakikī a me ka pale ʻana i ke kapa.
Mekini Kaumaha: He mea koʻikoʻi ke kila no nā mea kaumaha e like me nā cranes, nā bulldozer a me nā mea ʻeli, ʻoiai he mea nui ka ikaika a me ka lōʻihi.
ʻO ka alumini he metala māmā me ke kūpaʻa maikaʻi loa, ductility, a me ka wela a me ka uila. Hoʻohui pinepine ʻia ka alumini me nā mea ʻē aʻe e like me ka magnesium, silika, keleawe, a me ka zinc no ka hoʻomaikaʻi ʻana i kona ikaika a me nā mea hana ʻē aʻe.
Hoʻohana ʻia ka Aluminum i ka ʻoihana Aerospace: Nā Kūlana mokulele: Aluminum alloys (e.g., 7075, 2024) hoʻohana nui ʻia i nā papa mokulele, fuselage panels, ʻēheu, a me nā ʻāpana hana ʻē aʻe ma muli o kona haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa a me ke kiʻekiʻe ikaika-a-kaumaha ratio.
mokulele mokulele: Hoʻohana pū ʻia ka alumini i nā rockets, nā ukali, a me nā kahua lewa, kahi mea koʻikoʻi ka hoʻemi kaumaha.
Na Pane Kino a me na Papa: Hoʻohana nui ʻia nā alumini alumini māmā i nā kino kaʻa, nā pāpale, puka, a me nā poloka ʻenekini e hoʻemi i ke kaumaha, hoʻomaikaʻi i ka pono wahie, a me nā hoʻokuʻu haʻahaʻa.
Na Kaa Uila (Nā EV): Makemake nā kaʻa uila i ka alumini e hōʻemi i ke kaumaha holoʻokoʻa, hoʻonui kaʻa, a hoʻonui i ka pono.
Hale Pa'i waho a me ka hale: Hoʻohana ʻia ka alumini i ke kūkulu ʻana i nā pale o waho, kaupaku, a me na puka makani no kona pale ana, kaumaha māmā, a me ka nani.
Scaffolding a me nā hale: ʻOi aku ka maikaʻi o ka scaffolding alumini ma mua o ka scaffolding kila no ka mea maʻalahi ke lawelawe a me ka māmā, he mea maʻalahi ke kau ʻana a me ka wehe ʻana.
ʻoihana hoʻokeke: ʻO ke kini a me ka foil: Hoʻohana ʻia ka alumini no ka hana ʻana i nā kini inu, pahu meaʻai, a me ka foil no ka mea hiki ke hana ia, māmā, a hiki ole i ka malamalama, mākū, a me ka ea.
Uea: Hoʻohana ʻia ka alumini i nā laina hoʻoili mana a me nā uea no ka mea he mea hoʻokele uila maikaʻi a ʻoi aku ka māmā ma mua o ke keleawe.. Nā Radiators: Hoʻohana ʻia ka alumini e hoʻopau i ka wela i nā mea uila ma muli o kona kiʻekiʻe thermal conductivity a me ke kaumaha māmā.
Hulls: Hoʻohana ʻia ka alumini i loko o nā hull o nā moku a me nā yachts no ka mea he pale i ka corrosion i nā kaiapuni moana a he māmā., ma laila e hoʻonui ai i ka māmā a me ka pono wahie.
