Umahluko phakathi kwentsimbi kunye neAluminiyam
Ngaba uyayazi i-aluminiyam? I-Aluminiyam yinto yentsimbi eninzi kwindalo. Yintsimbi ekhanyayo esiliva-emhlophe ene-ductility elungileyo, ukumelana nomhlwa, kunye nokukhanya. Isinyithi se-aluminium sinokwenziwa kwiintonga (iintonga ze-aluminium), amaphepha (iipleyiti aluminiyam), iifoyile (ifoyile yealuminiyam), imiqulu (imiqulu aluminiyam), imicu (imicu ye-aluminiyam), kunye neengcingo.
I-aluminiyam yesinyithi inokwenza ifilimu ye-oxide kumoya ofumileyo ukuthintela ukubola kwesinyithi, enceda ukukhusela i-aluminiyam kwi-oxidation eyongezelelweyo. Umxholo we-aluminium kwi-crust yomhlaba ngowesibini kuphela kwi-oksijini kunye ne-silicon, kwaye yenye yezona zinto zininzi zentsimbi emhlabeni. Ngenxa yeempawu zayo ezizodwa kunye neekhemikhali, i-aluminiyam kunye ne-alloys yayo isetyenziswa ngokubanzi kwiindawo zoshishino ezibalulekileyo ezifana nokuhamba ngeenqwelomoya, ukwakhiwa, kunye neemoto.
Intsimbi yialloyi eyenziwe ngentsimbi kunye nekhabhoni kunye nezinye izinto ezincinci. Ligama eliqhelekileyo le-iron-carbon alloys kunye nomxholo wekhabhoni phakathi 0.02% kwaye 2.11% ngobunzima.
Ukubunjwa kweekhemikhali zetsimbi kunokwahluka kakhulu. Isinyithi esinezixa ezincinci zemanganese, phosphorus, isilicon, isulfure kunye nezinye izinto kunye nomxholo wekhabhoni ongaphantsi kwe 1.7% ibizwa ngokuba yintsimbi yekhabhoni. Intsimbi yenye yezona zinto zisetyenziswa kakhulu emhlabeni kwaye isetyenziswa kakhulu kwiinkalo ezahlukeneyo ezifana nokwakha, iimoto, i-aerospace, kunye nokuveliswa koomatshini.
Intsimbi kunye ne-aluminium zizinto ezimbini eziqhelekileyo zetsimbi ezinomahluko obalulekileyo kwiinkalo ezininzi.
Insimbi yensimbi ineentlobo ezahlukeneyo zetsimbi ngokuhambelana nomxholo wekhabhoni, kwaye kukho neeyantlukwano kubulukhuni. Isinyithi se-aluminiyam sikwahlulwe 1000-8000 uthotho ialloys aluminiyam ngokwezinto ezahlukeneyo iqulathe, kunye nothotho ezahlukeneyo kwakhona umahluko ezithile ubulukhuni.
Intsimbi vs aluminiyam Ukusuka kwidatha yamandla, ubulukhuni bentsimbi buphezulu kakhulu kunobo be-aluminiyam.
Ingxinano yipropathi yendalo yenkqunto. I-denser isinyithi, ubunzima obulula.
Uxinaniso luchazwa njengobunzima ngomthamo weyunithi, ngokuqhelekileyo ibonakaliswe ngeegremu nganye cubic centimitha (g/cm³) okanye iikhilogram nganye cubic meter (kg/m³).
Ukuxinana kweNtsimbi
Intsimbi yi-alloy eyenziwe ngokuyinhloko yintsimbi kunye nekhabhoni, ngezinto ezongezelelweyo ezifana nechromium, nickel, manganese, okanye molybdenum, kuxhomekeke kuhlobo kunye nebakala lentsimbi. Ubuninzi bentsimbi buhluka kancinci kuxhomekeke ekubunjweni kunye nendlela eqhutywe ngayo.
Uluhlu loXinaniso lwentsimbi: **~7.75 – 8.05 g/cm³ (7,750 – 8,050 kg/m³)
Intsimbi imalunga 2.9 amaxesha axinene kune-aluminiyam. Ngenxa yobuninzi bayo kunye namandla, intsimbi ifaneleke kakuhle kwizicelo ezifuna ukuqina, ubungqongqo, kunye nomthamo ophezulu wokuthwala umthwalo, njengokwakha, oomatshini abanzima, kunye nezixhobo.
Ubuninzi be-aluminiyam
I-Aluminiyam yintsimbi ekhaphukhaphu eyaziwa ngokuxhathisa ukuthotywa kwayo, Ukuqhuba kakuhle kombane, kunye namandla aphezulu-to-ubunzima ratio. I-aluminiyam inoxinano olusezantsi kakhulu kunentsimbi, ukwenza kube yinto efanelekileyo kwizicelo apho ukunciphisa ubunzima kubalulekile.
Ubuninzi be-aluminiyam bumalunga nesinye kwisithathu sentsimbi, iyenza ibe khaphukhaphu kakhulu. Ubuninzi be-aluminium alloys buyahluka kancinci ngokuxhomekeke kwizinto ezithile ezixubileyo ezifana ne-magnesium, ubhedu, isilicon, kunye nezinc, kodwa umahluko umncinci (ngaphakathi 5%). Ubuninzi obuphantsi be-aluminium buyenza ilungele izicelo ezifuna izinto ezilula, njenge-aerospace, iimoto, kunye namashishini ezothutho.
Intsimbi kunye ne-aluminiyam zombini ziintsimbi ezigqwesileyo. Zombini intsimbi kunye ne-aluminium zisetyenziswa ngokubanzi ekwakheni, imveliso kunye nobunjineli, kodwa usetyenziso lwazo oluthile luyohluka kakhulu ngenxa yeempawu ezichaseneyo ezifana noxinano, amandla, ukumelana nomhlwa kunye neendleko.
Ukuthelekiswa kweSitye kunye neAluminium Applications
Intsimbi yintsimbi ye-iron-carbon alloy equlethe ezinye izinto ezidibanisayo (njenge manganese, ichromium, kunye ne-nickel) ezinegalelo ekomelezeni kwayo, ukuqina, kunye nokuguquguquka. Steel Kuxhomekeke kuhlobo kunye nebakala, intsimbi ingabonisa iipropati ezahlukeneyo ezenza ukuba zilungele uluhlu olubanzi lwezicelo.
Intsimbi esetyenziswa kwiZakhiwo zeZakhiwo: Intsimbi isetyenziswa ngokubanzi kwizakhelo zokwakha, imiqadi, ikholamu, amabhanti, kunye nemivalo yokuqinisa (rebar) ngenxa yokuqina kwayo okuphezulu kunye nokuqina.
Iibhulorho: Intsimbi yinto ekhethiweyo yokwakha iibhulorho (ngakumbi iitrasi kunye neentambo) ngenxa yamandla ayo aphezulu kunye nokumelana nokudinwa.
Umzila kaloliwe: Intsimbi isetyenziswa kwiireyili, imizila kaloliwe, kunye neebhulorho ngenxa yokuxhatshazwa kwayo kunye nokukwazi ukumelana nemithwalo ephezulu.
Umzimba weemoto kunye neChassis: Iimoto ezininzi zisebenzisa intsimbi ephezulu njengeyona nto iphambili yolwakhiwo ngenxa yokumelana nefuthe kunye nokusebenza kakuhle kweendleko..
Iimoto ezinzima: Iilori, iibhasi, kunye noololiwe bahlala besebenzisa intsimbi njengenxalenye yesakhiwo ngenxa yokukwazi ukumelana nemithwalo enzima.
Izixhobo kunye Dies: Isixhobo sensimbi sisetyenziselwa ukwenza izixhobo, uyafa, ukungunda, kunye nezixhobo zokusika ngenxa yobunzima bayo kunye nokuxhatshazwa kokugqoka.
Oomatshini abanzima: Intsimbi yinto ebalulekileyo kwizixhobo ezinzima ezifana neekhreyini, iibulldozers kunye nabembi, njengoko amandla kunye nokuqina kubalulekile.
Ialuminiyam yintsimbi ekhaphukhaphu enokumelana nokugqwesa okugqwesileyo, i-ductility, kunye ne-thermal kunye ne-conductivity yombane. Ialuminiyam isoloko idityaniswe nezinye izinto ezifana nemagnesium, isilicon, ubhedu, kunye ne-zinc ukuphucula amandla ayo kunye nezinye iimpawu zomatshini.
Ukusetyenziswa kweAluminiyam kwishishini le-Aerospace: Ulwakhiwo lweenqwelomoya: Iingxube zeAluminiyam (umz., 7075, 2024) zisetyenziswa kakhulu kwizakhelo zenqwelomoya, iiphaneli zefuselage, amaphiko, kunye namanye amacandelo esakhiwo ngenxa yobuninzi obuphantsi kunye nomlinganiselo ophezulu wamandla-to-ubunzima.
Iziphekepheke: IAluminiyam ikwasetyenziswa kwiirokethi, iisathelayithi, kunye nezitishi zasemkhathini, apho ukunciphisa ubunzima kubalulekile.
Iipaneli zoMzimba kunye neeFreyimu: I-alloys ye-aluminium ekhaphukhaphu isetyenziswa ngakumbi kwimizimba yezithuthi, iihoods, iingcango, kunye neebhloko zenjini zokunciphisa ubunzima, ukuphucula ukusebenza kakuhle kwamafutha, kunye nezinto ezikhutshwayo ezisezantsi.
Izithuthi zoMbane (Ii-EVs): Izithuthi zombane zikhetha i-aluminiyam ukunciphisa ubunzima bubonke, ukwandisa uluhlu lwezithuthi, kunye nokwandisa ukusebenza kakuhle.
Ulwakhiwo lweNdawo yaNgaphandle kunye nophahla: Ialuminiyam isetyenziselwa ukwakha izigqubuthelo zangaphandle, ukuphahla, kunye nezakhelo zeefestile zokumelana nokubola kwayo, ubunzima obulula, kunye nobuhle.
I-scaffolding kunye nezakhiwo: I-Aluminium scaffolding ikhethwa ngaphezu kwe-scaffolding yentsimbi kuba kulula ukuyiphatha kwaye ilula, eyenza kube lula ukufakela kunye nokususwa.
Ishishini lokupakisha: Iinkonkxa kunye nefoyile: Ialuminiyam isetyenziselwa ukwenza iinkonkxa zesiselo, izitya zokutya, kunye ne-foil ngenxa yokuba i-formable, ilula, kwaye ayinakukhanya ekukhanyeni, ukufuma, kunye nomoya.
Iingcingo: Ialuminiyam isetyenziswa kwiintambo zothumelo lwamandla kunye neengcingo kuba ingumbhexeshi olungileyo wombane kwaye ilula kunobhedu.. Iiradiator: I-aluminium isetyenziselwa ukutshabalalisa ubushushu kwizixhobo zombane ngenxa ye-conductivity ephezulu ye-thermal kunye nobunzima obulula.
Hulls: Ialuminiyam isetyenziswa kwiinqanawa kunye neeyachts kuba iyakwazi ukumelana nomhlwa kwiindawo zaselwandle kwaye ilula., ngokwenjenjalo ukwandisa isantya kunye nokusebenza kakuhle kwamafutha.
